February Open-respond Question

1. A historian has described the Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries as "weighing, measuring, and taking the temperature of
the world."

Listed below are inventions from the time of the Scientific Revolution. Select
one invention and explain how it contributed to an improved understanding of
nature and the universe.

telescope
microscope
pendulum clock
thermometer

January Questions

1. Which invention aided Martin Luther in his struggles against the Roman
Catholic Church?

a. the printing press
b. the crossbow
c. gunpowder
d. the flying buttress

2. The Petition of Rights that English Parliment forced King Charles I to sign in
1628 included the principle of habeas corpus, which means that

a. only a legislative body can collect taxes in time of peace.
b. civil law cannot apply to the clergy.
c. martial law can only be applied by the head of the government.
d. no one can be imprisoned unless charged with a specific crime within
a reasonable time.

3. In the 1600s, how did joint-stock companies such as the Dutch East India
Company operate?

a. The government controlled all the assets of the company.
b. Investors bought shares in the company and received a portion of
profits.
c. One major investor held all of the stock of several companies.
d. Only the Board of Directors shared in the profits of the company.

4. Read the passage and then answer.

Nevertheless a prince ought to inspire fear in such a way that, if
he does not win love, he avoids hatred; because he can endure
very well being feared whilst he is not hated, which will always
be as long as he abstains from the property of his citizens and
subjects ...

This passage is from the writings of

a. Michelangelo
b. Petrarch
c. Erasmus
d. Machiavelli

5. Which individual led independence movements in nineteenth-century South
America?

a. Simon Boliva
b. Fidel Castro
c. Francisco Pizarro
d. Gustavus Adolphus

Answers:
1. A
2. D
3. B
4. D
5. A

December Open Response Questions

1. At the time of the first European contact, two complex civilizations
flourished in the Americas - the Aztecs in Mexico and the Incas in Peru.
Choose two areas from the list below. Describe the characteristics of both
cultures in each area.

military history
social organization
political structures
economic organization
religion
art and architecture

2. Imagine that the United States Post Office issued a 33-cent stamp to honor
Willie Wells' election to the National Baseball Hall of Fame. The first 50,000
from the several million stamps issued by the Post Office contained a spelling
error. People who bought these stamps are now selling them for $5.00
apiece.
Explain in economic terms why the value of the stamps increased.

Multiple-choice Questions

1. The Byzantine Empire did not experience the conflicts between church and
state that were common in medieval Europe because

a. the spread of literacy destroyed the power of the Byzantine church.
b. most of the population of the Byzantine Empire converted to Islam.
c. the Byzantine church was too weak to become a source of power.
d. the Byzantine emperor played a direct role in the administration of
the church.

2. Which agricultural practice contributed to the prosperity of the Inca Empire?

a. use of a wheeled plow.
b. terracing of mountain slopes.
c. reclamation of swampland.
d. reliance on cattle and sheep.

3. Islamic culture most influenced medieval Europe by

a. introducing the West to Chinese thought and philosophy.
b. contributing new discoveries in medicine and science.
c. preserving the principles and practices of Roman architecture and
construction.
d. providing models for city government.

4. The revival and growth of trade between Europe and the East was one
lasting effect of the

a. Crusades
b. Inquisition
c. Enlightenment
d. Reformation

5. The Song Dynasty in China was brought to an end in the thirteenth century
by

a. an extended civil way.
b. the Mongol invasion.
c. economic collapse.
d. a military revolt.

6. The Justinian Code compiled during the time of the Byzantine Empire
served to

a. establish the principle that the ruler is subject to the law.
b. create a distinct separation between church and state.
c. preserve Roman legal principles and practices.
d. introduce Islamic legal traditions to Western Europe.

7. Archaeologists believe that Mayan cities served primarily as

a. seaports.
b. agricultural areas.
c. fortresses.
d. religious centeres.

8. In the sixteenth century, one effect of European contact with the Americas
was the

a. introduction of corn and other food crops to the Americas.
b. widespread destruction of the rain forests by the early Spanish
settlers.
c. development of a road system throughout the former Inca Emmpire.
d. introduction of diseases that greatly reduced the Native American
population.

9. A government led by religious officials is

a. a theocracy.
b. an oligarchy.
c. a monarchy.
d. an aristocracy

10. The large amounts of gold and silver brought to Europe in the sixteenth
century from the Americas contributed to

a. the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.
b. inflation throughout Europe.
c. a barter economy in Europe.
d. a decrease in the price of goods in Europe.

Answers:
1. D
2. B
3. B
4. A
5. B
6. C
7. D
8. D
9. A
10 B