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AP TERMS FOR OBJECTIVE AND ESSAY QUESTIONS FOR GRADES 11 AND 12
A student should be familiar with all terms. For our tests and quizzes know the spelling, definition, and example. Obviously, some terminology falls into more than one category
Stylistic Terms denotation connotation formal/informal diction pt of view writer's attitude syntax tone speaker's attitude repetition mood ambiguity qualifies time shift monologue understatement overstatement paradox parallelism allusion syllogism antithesis sentence length word order narrative pace paragraphing transition figurative language stream of consciousness
Imagery: smell, sound, tactile, color, nature, sight, light/dark, kinetic...sustained? why/why not?
Rhetorical approaches: chronological, anachronistic, comparative, persuasive, frame story, cause and effect, propaganda tech., ethos, logos, pathos, inductive, deductive, conversational, formal, instructive, descriptive, reflective expository, interpretive, argumentative, metaphorical
Literary/Poetry terms imagery denotation connotation title apostrophe elegy ode epigraph epitaph oxymoron Shakespearean sonnet Petrarchan stanza theme poet's view tone metaphysical poems mood quatrain sestina ballad epic symbolism allegory paradox over/understatement hyperbole organization monologue dramatic monologue couplets heroic couplets syntax rhetoric imagery meaning enjambment pathetic fallacy satire villanelle conceit juxtaposition literal vs fig. lang setting poet's background poet's time euphemism
Figurative lang: simile, metaphor, extended metaphor, personification, onomatopoeia, synecdoche, metonymy Speaker: perception, view, changing view, emotion Irony: watch in ending, in title vs poem, dramatic irony, verbal irony, situational irony Allusions: Prometheus, Poseidon, Apollo, Proteus, Absalom, Job, etc. Beat: meter, free verse, blank verse
Form: lyrical vs narrative
Rhythm: alliteration, rhyme, refrain, assonance, consonance
Literary/Prose terms rhetoric diction parallelism repetition irony propaganda opening closing mood hyperbole reflective interpretive anecdote person viewpoint: omniscient, etc. allusions epistolary juxtaposition in media res satire analogy epigraphy structure speaker bildungsroman valediction retrospection id, ego, superego setting foil antagonist protagonist hubris doppelganger noble savage Puritanism Age of Reason Romanticism Transcendentalism Gothic Victorianism Realism Naturalism angst the absurd Existentialism hero/antihero flashback foreshadow verisimilitude genre utopia dystopia tragedy (literary def.) initiation story choice of details syntax under/overstatement speaker's change epiphany
narrative: narrative pace, narrative development audience: appeal to pathos, ethos, logos plot: conflicts, climax, denouement, shift in time, pace of movement, of action characterization: description of charac., charac's thoughts, words and action, others' thoughts, words and actions to charac, dynamic(round) vs flat charac, narrator's attitude to charac theme: hypothesis not topic tone: consistent? why/why not?
Literary/Drama Terms Freitag's pyramid catharsis for audience? hamartia Greek theatre and characteristics of tragedy Shakespearean theatre soliloquy Victorian Theatre monologue Modern Theatre aside Theatre of the Absurd irony the staging the characterization the heroic code
ADAPTED FROM: pgrimes@erols.com AP Teacher/Reader
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